Hardwood - Cleveland Ohio, Oh

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Hardwood and Parquetry Flooring
Parquetry is a mosaic of wood used for ornamental flooring. (French parqueterie, from parquet.)

Materials contrasting in colour and grain, such as oak, walnut, cherry, lime, pine, maple etc. are employed; and in the more expensive kinds the richly coloured tropical hardwoods are also used. The patterns of parquet flooring are entirely geometrical and angular (for instance squares, triangles, lozenges), curved and irregular forms being avoided on account of the expense and difficulty of fitting.

There are three main classes of parquetry in use: solid parquet, veneers and laminates.

Solid parquet as the name suggests, is solid wood, the standard thickness of each board is 2 cm or more, this enables the wooden floor to be heavily sanded numerous times over its lifetime.
Veneers are a layer of solid wood, normally 5 mm (referred to as the 'wear' layer) in thickness attached to a base of cheaper wood or plywood, this enables a floor to be sanded and finished using conventional techniques, and can be repaired by light re-sanding.
Laminates are the cheapest form, consisting of a faux-wood image applied to a cheap base such as particle board and a clear protective layer applied on top, laminates are prone to chipping and are unable to be repaired.
Boards generally fit together with a tongue and groove, having consequently the pattern alike on both sides.

Wooden floors can be installed in a number of configurations. In a floating floor configuration, a layer of underlay is placed on top of the existing floor (for noise and heat insulation), the boards are then placed on top, locking together using the tongues and grooves, the weight of the combined boards holds them in place. Over time as the wood reacts to moisture in the environment, cracks are more prone to appear compared to permanently fixing the floor to the subfloor.

To attach the floor more permanently boards can be either fixed using nails (driven through the tongue at an angle of roughly 35 degrees), or attached using a water based or solvent glue if the subfloor is unsuitable for nails, such as concrete.

Hardwood Flooring Types

Solid Wood
Solid Wood flooring comes in three basic types:

STRIP flooring accounts for the majority of installations. Strips usually 2-1/4 inches wide, but also come in widths ranging from 1-1/2 inches to 3-1/4 inches. They are installed by nailing to the subfloor.
PLANK flooring boards are at least 3 inches wide. They may be screwed to the subfloor as well as nailed. Screw holes can be covered with wooden plugs.
PARQUET flooring comes in standard patterns of 6" x 6" blocks. Specialty patterns may range up to 36" square units. Parquet often achieves dramatic geometric effects of special design patterns.
Solid wood floors can be installed on a concrete slab as long as the floor is on or above ground level. They can be sanded and refinished over several generations of use.

Solid wood flooring expands and contracts with changes in your home's relative humidity. Normally, installers compensate for this movement by leaving an expansion gap between the floor and the wall. Base moulding is the traditional "cover-up" for this gap.

Engineered wood
Made of several layers of different woods or different grades of same wood stacked and glued together under heat and pressure. Engineered wood flooring is less likely to be affected by changes in humidity and can be installed above, on, or below ground level. Some engineered wood floors with thicker top layers can be sanded up to three times. Some can't be sanded at all.

Wood laminates
A plywood base topped with a layer of veneer. Plies and thicknesses vary, but three-ply, 3/8 inch flooring is most common. (Remember that solid hardwood floors, at 3/4 inch, are twice as thick as wood laminates.) The veneer topping of wood laminate floors (commonly 1/8 inch thick) can be sanded and refinished (in rare cases, three times.) Most manufacturer warranties cover the finish for five years.

Synthetic/plastic laminates
Usually 1/2 inch thick, plastic laminate flooring consists of a fiberboard center wrapped in top and bottom layers of high-pressure laminate -- a tougher version of the same material used in many kitchen countertops. These floors cannot be sanded or refinished and must be removed when they wear out. They usually come with 10- or 15-year manufacturer warranties against fading, stains and wear.